Historically, nutritionists have formulated cattle rations by adding supplements to optimize production responses by using empirical prediction equations that were developed under controlled research conditions. Because these systems attempted to predict nutritional requirements and availabilities for all types of cattle, feeds and environmental or management conditions, the nutritional recommendations often contained significant “safety factors”. The extra nutrients contained in these safety factors to ensure that nutrient requirements were met often increased nutrient excretion and contributed to adverse effects on water and air quality (Fox et al., 2004).
The Large Ruminant Nutrition System (LRNS) is a computer program that estimates beef and dairy cattle requirements and nutrient supply under specific conditions of animal type, environment (climatic factors), management, and physico-chemical composition of available feeds, using the computational engine of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model as published by Fox et al. (2004).
The LRNS, as well as the CNCPS, was developed from basic principles of rumen function, microbial growth, feed digestion and passage and animal physiology. By accounting for farm-specific management, environmental and feed characteristics, more accurate prediction of the growth and milk production of cattle and nutrient excretion in diverse production situations have been possible. The CNCPS was first published in 1992 and 1993 in a series of four papers (Fox et al., 1992; O'Connor et al., 1993; Russell et al., 1992; Sniffen et al., 1992), and the model has been continually refined and improved over the last 15 years (Ainslie et al., 1993; Fox et al., 1995; Fox and Tylutki, 1998; Fox et al., 2002; Fox et al., 1999; Klausner et al., 1998; Lanzas, 2006; Lanzas et al., 2007a; Lanzas et al., 2007b; Lanzas et al., 2007c; Pitt et al., 1996; Seo et al., 2006a; Seo et al., 2006b; Tedeschi et al., 2002a; Tedeschi et al., 2002b; Tedeschi et al., 2006a; Tedeschi et al., 2000a; Tedeschi et al., 2005a; Tedeschi et al., 2002c; Tedeschi et al., 2000b; Tedeschi et al., 2000c; Tedeschi et al., 2003; Tedeschi et al., 2001; Tedeschi et al., 2006b; Tylutki and Fox, 1997; Tylutki et al., 1994; Tylutki et al., 2007).
The LRNS is programmed in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and works with most IBM-PC compatible computers that have Microsoft Windows XP or
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The current version of the Large Ruminant Nutrition System is 1.0.1.
The LRNS will expires after 5 uses if not registered by the end of the grace period. You can register your copy by submitting the registation number in the Purchase page. If applicable, registration codes will not be given out until the cost of registering your copy is paid in full.
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Dr. Luis Orlindo Tedeschi |
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Dr. Danny G. Fox |
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The CNCPS manual is a PDF file that contains the description of the model, tutorial, and the equations used to develop the model.
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The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System webpage.
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The Cornell-Penn-Miner (CPM) Dairy webpage.
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The AMTS webpage.